Dab tsi yog cov cuab yeej siv hauv carbonization?
Carbonization yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv organic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog biomass lossis pov tseg, rau hauv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig xws li charcoal lossis activated carbon. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev nthuav tawm cov khoom mus rau qhov kub siab thaum tsis muaj oxygen, uas rhuav tshem cov organic molecules rau hauv cov pa roj carbon thiab volatile Cheebtsam. Carbonization yog cov txheej txheem kev lag luam dav siv, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob rau roj, metallurgy, thiab lwm yam kev siv. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem siv hauv carbonization.
** Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm Carbonization txheej txheem
Carbonization cuam tshuam rau cua sov cov khoom siv organic mus rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv ib puag ncig oxygen tsawg. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog lub ziab qhuav, uas tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom qhuav yog muab tso rau hauv carbonization chamber, uas yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 400 degree thiab 700 degree. Lub carbonization chamber raug kaw, thiab cov pa oxygen tsuas yog txwv kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv tau dhau los ua pyrolysis, uas rhuav tshem cov organic molecules rau hauv cov pa roj carbon monoxide thiab volatile Cheebtsam.
Cov khoom kawg ntawm carbonization feem ntau yog ib hom carbon, xws li charcoal lossis activated carbon. Charcoal feem ntau yog siv rau cov hom phiaj roj, thaum cov pa roj carbon activated yog siv rau hauv ntau yam kev siv, xws li kev lim dej, huab cua huv, thiab kev kho mob.
** Khoom siv hauv Carbonization
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv carbonization nyob ntawm seb hom khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom xav tau, thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ntau lawm. Qee cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau rau carbonization tau tham hauv qab no.
1. Tsob Ntoo Earthen Kilns:
Cov tsoos earthen kilns yog cov qauv yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis ua los ntawm av nplaum lossis av nkos. Cov kilns no tseem siv nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, los ua charcoal rau ua noj, cua sov, thiab lwm yam. Lub ntiaj teb kilns muaj ib lub cylindrical los yog conical chamber, uas yog sau nrog feedstock thiab them nrog ib txheej ntawm av. Lub qhov cub yog ignited los ntawm hauv qab, thiab cov pa oxygen yog txo los ntawm kev npog lub qhov cua los yog qhov qhib. Lub kiln raug tso kom hlawv rau ob peb hnub, thiab cov khoom kawg yog tau los ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub kiln thiab sau cov charcoal.
Thaum cov khoom siv hauv av ib txwm siv tau zoo thiab tus nqi qis, lawv muaj ob peb qhov tsis zoo, xws li kev ua haujlwm qis, muaj pa taws ntau thiab muaj kuab paug, thiab muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
2. Modern Retort Kilns:
Cov retort kilns niaj hnub no yog ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm cov tsoos kilns, uas hais txog cov teeb meem saum toj no. Cov retort kilns yog ua los ntawm cov hlau los yog lwm yam khoom siv kub-resistant thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, huv si, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Lub retort kilns muaj ib lub tog raj kheej hlau nrog lub puab chamber rau tuav lub feedstock thiab ib tug txheej chamber rau cua sov cov khoom. Lub kiln yog kaw, thiab cov pa oxygen txo kom induce pyrolysis. Cov khoom tsis hloov pauv tau sau thiab siv los ua cov khoom siv roj, thaum cov roj carbon tau sau ua cov khoom kawg.
Retort kilns muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov khoom siv hauv av, vim lawv xav tau sijhawm tsawg, lub zog, thiab qhov chaw. Lawv kuj tsim cov emissions tsawg thiab cov pa phem, ua rau lawv ib puag ncig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, retort kilns kim dua thiab xav tau kev txawj ntse ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas.
3. Rotary Kilns:
Rotary kilns yog cov khoom siv loj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab lossis cov pa roj carbon activated. Cov rotary kilns muaj ib tug ntev, cylindrical raj, uas rotates ntawm nws axis thiab yog rhuab los ntawm burners los yog kub gases. Cov khoom noj khoom haus tau qhia ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm qhov cub thiab mus rau lwm qhov kawg, qhov twg cov khoom kawg tau sau.
Cov rotary kilns tso cai rau kev tsim cov pa roj carbon ntau, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo. Lawv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau loj-scale zus tau tej cov charcoal thiab activated carbon, xws li nyob rau hauv lub metallurgical kev lag luam, fais fab nroj tsuag, los yog pov tseg ua cov nroj tsuag.
** Khoom noj khoom haus rau Carbonization
Cov khoom noj rau carbonization tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv organic, xws li ntoo, sawdust, xyoob, nplej husk, txiv maj phaub plhaub, lossis cov khib nyiab ua liaj ua teb. Kev xaiv cov khoom noj yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li muaj, nqi, zoo, thiab cov khoom xav tau. Cov khoom noj sib txawv muaj cov khoom sib txawv, xws li qhov ntom ntom, cov ntsiab lus noo noo, cov ntsiab lus lignin, thiab cov hmoov tshauv, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem carbonization thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg.
** Lus xaus
Carbonization yog txheej txheem yooj yim tab sis muaj zog rau kev hloov cov khoom siv organic rau hauv cov khoom siv tau zoo, xws li cov pa taws lossis cov pa roj carbon activated. Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog cua sov cov khoom mus rau qhov kub siab thaum tsis muaj oxygen, uas ua rau cov organic molecules ua rau cov pa roj carbon thiab volatile Cheebtsam. Cov cuab yeej siv rau carbonization nyob ntawm hom feedstock, cov khoom xav tau, thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm ntau lawm. Los ntawm cov tsoos earthen kilns mus rau niaj hnub retort kilns thiab teb kilns, muaj ntau yam kev xaiv muaj rau carbonization. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam khoom siv muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav ua ntej xaiv qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws.